Analysis of the psychological characteristics of adolescents

Adolescence is the transitional period of an individual from immaturity to maturity. Individuals in this period, while the level of physical maturity has improved significantly, their psychological characteristics, especially in intellectual development, emotional and will performance, personality and verbal performance, have their own unique characteristics. It can be summed up as follows:

Cognitive ability development The psychological characteristics of adolescents are firstly manifested in cognitive ability. Due to the qualitative changes in the learning content, learning methods and teaching activities in adolescence, and the expansion of the scope of activities, the individual’s cognitive ability has changed. New developments in cognitive abilities and speech. Mainly in:

1. Highly developed generalized observation skills. Generalization is an important sign of the maturity of observation. Adolescents can use their increasingly developed abstract thinking ability to organize, regulate and guide observation activities to improve the generality of observation.
2. Acquire mature memory The memory of teenagers has reached an unprecedented stage of maturity. Memorization of meaning replaces mechanical memorization and becomes the main means of memorization; memorization becomes more purposeful, and conscious memorization dominates over unconscious memorization; it has entered the best period of memorization.
3. Forming theoretical abstract thinking ability From the perspective of thinking type, the abstract logical thinking of young students is mainly empirical, and to a certain extent, it still needs the support of concrete images, and the development of theoretical thinking is not very good. 2. The maturity of personality has entered adolescence. Although the youth’s personality may still develop and change under the influence of internal and external factors, it has been relatively stable.

The main signs are:

1. Self-consciousness tends to mature With the accumulation of knowledge, the development of intelligence, and the approach of the objective requirement of independently arranging the path of life, the self-consciousness of young people is becoming more and more mature. They are obsessed with understanding their physical and mental development and their social value; they evaluate themselves and others independently, and gradually overcome the one-sidedness of evaluation, and strive for comprehensive analysis; initially form stable character characteristics; they can better carry out self-education.
2. Preliminary formation of worldview The formation of worldview is the main symbol of a person’s personality consciousness tendentious maturity. The worldview sprouted in adolescence, initially formed in early adolescence, and further matured in middle and late adolescence. The youth’s comprehensive and profound understanding of the world, the ideological and political education and social and political activities of schools, and the tempering of the youth’s life in the middle and later stages are the foundation for the formation of the youth world outlook. The formation of the youth’s world outlook is reflected in their relatively stable and systematic views on nature, society, life and love.
3. Interest and personality tend to be stable, and ability to improve Interest is an important aspect of personality tendencies. The interests of adolescents are broad and diverse, gradually stabilized, persistently increased, and increasingly profound. Personality and ability are the psychological characteristics that best express individual differences. The character is basically set in the early stage of youth, and the changes after that are very small. There are various types of abilities, and the speed of development of different types of abilities is different. However, general abilities such as observation, memory, thinking, and attention cannot mature until adolescence, and reach their peaks in late adolescence.
4. The level of moral awareness and moral behavior is improved. Teenagers begin to enter the stage of conscious moral level, form beliefs, and know the principles of their actions. This aspect is reflected in the increasing role of moral consciousness in moral behavior, and the moral principles mastered are wide in scope and high in quality. On the other hand, the intuitive emotion expressed in the moral emotion gradually decreases, and the ethical and moral emotion experience begins to prevail. In addition, moral ideals are more realistic, and the disconnect between knowledge and action is decreasing.

Emotions and emotional characteristics The emotions and emotions of adolescents have tended to be mature and stable, but compared with adults, they appear volatile and unstable. Its main features are:

1. Enthusiastic and easy to excite Young people are active and enthusiastic in doing things, easily stimulated by sadness, act quickly, and show unrestrained and decisiveness. However, due to the drastic changes in physiology and self-awareness, sometimes young people’s emotions and emotions are easily too excited
2. The content of emotion is more and more rich and profound. The causes and performance characteristics of several basic emotions of adolescents such as anger, fear, joy, sadness and love are different from those in childhood, indicating that their emotions have developed from immaturity to maturity. Due to the continuous growth of intelligence and social needs, young people gradually form many social emotions with clear moral consciousness, such as collective honor, social responsibility, obligation, justice and national pride, etc., which are profound and persistent. improve.
3. The ability of self-regulation and self-control of emotions is improved, and the gradual stabilization of emotions is manifested in that the duration of adolescents’ emotions is prolonged, and emotions are no longer as easy to switch as children, and they are less affected by external situations. On the other hand, the emotional type of young people is transitioning from extroverted to introverted. They can dominate and control their emotions to a certain extent according to the needs of conditions, showing the inconsistency between external expressions and inner experience.

Will Characters The will of youth develops rapidly and is characterized by:

1. The consciousness and initiative of completing the will process are enhanced. When young people encounter difficulties, they are often willing to think alone and find ways to overcome difficulties. They do not easily turn to others like children, and show good initiative; at the same time, young people can not rely on With the supervision and management of external forces, the consciousness is increasing day by day.
2. Resolute enhancement of action Due to the development and gradual maturity of cognitive ability, young people can quickly identify right and wrong according to certain viewpoints, principles and experience, make decisions and implement them when faced with problems full of contradictions. Compared with teenagers, youths are relatively less indiscreet and indecisive, and the process of motivational struggle is gradually implicit and quick.
3. Self-control enhances the ability of adolescents to control and dominate their behavior gradually. At this time, they try to make their behavior obey the original purpose and plan, and can better regulate their passion. Actions are more rational, of course, sometimes impulsive.
4. Persistent spirit Due to the development of the nervous system function, especially the internal inhibition function, as well as the depth of motivation and the improvement of the level of purpose, teenagers show persistence in the face of difficulties, but in this regard, young people are stronger than teenagers much more. They have the courage to strive for success, they are not willing to admit defeat easily, and even if they are frustrated, they are not discouraged.

Characters of words and deeds Speech and behavior characteristics are important signs to express the psychological characteristics of adolescents. It is like a refracting lens, reflecting the inner activities of teenagers.

1. The main manifestations of mature verbal expression ability are: the vocabulary of young people is already very rich, and the content is becoming more and more profound; the monologue in oral expression tends to be perfect; the written speech expression is basically mature; the internal speech has reached a complete “simplification” s level.
2. The adult type in behavioral motivation and performance, and the childhood type in behavioral control. They demand to completely get rid of adult intervention and act independently; they require the society to recognize the social value of their behavior; they require sexual intercourse, love, etc.

Teenagers whose sexual psychology has entered adolescence, with the maturity of their sexual physiology, their sexual consciousness also begins to awaken, and the development of sexual psychology changes with the increase of age. In this process of change, there must be corresponding psychological characteristics.